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14.1 Four Methods of Delivery

Learning objectives.

• Differentiate among the four methods of speech delivery.
• Understand when to use each of the four methods of speech delivery.

Maryland GovPics – House of Ruth Luncheon – CC BY 2.0.

The easiest approach to speech delivery is not always the best. Substantial work goes into the careful preparation of an interesting and ethical message, so it is understandable that students may have the impulse to avoid “messing it up” by simply reading it word for word. But students who do this miss out on one of the major reasons for studying public speaking: to learn ways to “connect” with one’s audience and to increase one’s confidence in doing so. You already know how to read, and you already know how to talk. But public speaking is neither reading nor talking.

Speaking in public has more formality than talking. During a speech, you should present yourself professionally. This doesn’t mean you must wear a suit or “dress up” (unless your instructor asks you to), but it does mean making yourself presentable by being well groomed and wearing clean, appropriate clothes. It also means being prepared to use language correctly and appropriately for the audience and the topic, to make eye contact with your audience, and to look like you know your topic very well.

While speaking has more formality than talking, it has less formality than reading. Speaking allows for meaningful pauses, eye contact, small changes in word order, and vocal emphasis. Reading is a more or less exact replication of words on paper without the use of any nonverbal interpretation. Speaking, as you will realize if you think about excellent speakers you have seen and heard, provides a more animated message.

The next sections introduce four methods of delivery that can help you balance between too much and too little formality when giving a public speech.

Impromptu Speaking

Impromptu speaking is the presentation of a short message without advance preparation. Impromptu speeches often occur when someone is asked to “say a few words” or give a toast on a special occasion. You have probably done impromptu speaking many times in informal, conversational settings. Self-introductions in group settings are examples of impromptu speaking: “Hi, my name is Steve, and I’m a volunteer with the Homes for the Brave program.” Another example of impromptu speaking occurs when you answer a question such as, “What did you think of the documentary?”

The advantage of this kind of speaking is that it’s spontaneous and responsive in an animated group context. The disadvantage is that the speaker is given little or no time to contemplate the central theme of his or her message. As a result, the message may be disorganized and difficult for listeners to follow.

Here is a step-by-step guide that may be useful if you are called upon to give an impromptu speech in public.

• Take a moment to collect your thoughts and plan the main point you want to make.
• Thank the person for inviting you to speak.
• Deliver your message, making your main point as briefly as you can while still covering it adequately and at a pace your listeners can follow.
• Thank the person again for the opportunity to speak.
• Stop talking.

As you can see, impromptu speeches are generally most successful when they are brief and focus on a single point.

Extemporaneous Speaking

Extemporaneous speaking is the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes. By using notes rather than a full manuscript, the extemporaneous speaker can establish and maintain eye contact with the audience and assess how well they are understanding the speech as it progresses. The opportunity to assess is also an opportunity to restate more clearly any idea or concept that the audience seems to have trouble grasping.

For instance, suppose you are speaking about workplace safety and you use the term “sleep deprivation.” If you notice your audience’s eyes glazing over, this might not be a result of their own sleep deprivation, but rather an indication of their uncertainty about what you mean. If this happens, you can add a short explanation; for example, “sleep deprivation is sleep loss serious enough to threaten one’s cognition, hand-to-eye coordination, judgment, and emotional health.” You might also (or instead) provide a concrete example to illustrate the idea. Then you can resume your message, having clarified an important concept.

Speaking extemporaneously has some advantages. It promotes the likelihood that you, the speaker, will be perceived as knowledgeable and credible. In addition, your audience is likely to pay better attention to the message because it is engaging both verbally and nonverbally. The disadvantage of extemporaneous speaking is that it requires a great deal of preparation for both the verbal and the nonverbal components of the speech. Adequate preparation cannot be achieved the day before you’re scheduled to speak.

Because extemporaneous speaking is the style used in the great majority of public speaking situations, most of the information in this chapter is targeted to this kind of speaking.

Speaking from a Manuscript

Manuscript speaking is the word-for-word iteration of a written message. In a manuscript speech, the speaker maintains his or her attention on the printed page except when using visual aids.

The advantage to reading from a manuscript is the exact repetition of original words. As we mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, in some circumstances this can be extremely important. For example, reading a statement about your organization’s legal responsibilities to customers may require that the original words be exact. In reading one word at a time, in order, the only errors would typically be mispronunciation of a word or stumbling over complex sentence structure.

However, there are costs involved in manuscript speaking. First, it’s typically an uninteresting way to present. Unless the speaker has rehearsed the reading as a complete performance animated with vocal expression and gestures (as poets do in a poetry slam and actors do in a reader’s theater), the presentation tends to be dull. Keeping one’s eyes glued to the script precludes eye contact with the audience. For this kind of “straight” manuscript speech to hold audience attention, the audience must be already interested in the message before the delivery begins.

It is worth noting that professional speakers, actors, news reporters, and politicians often read from an autocue device, such as a TelePrompTer, especially when appearing on television, where eye contact with the camera is crucial. With practice, a speaker can achieve a conversational tone and give the impression of speaking extemporaneously while using an autocue device. However, success in this medium depends on two factors: (1) the speaker is already an accomplished public speaker who has learned to use a conversational tone while delivering a prepared script, and (2) the speech is written in a style that sounds conversational.

Speaking from Memory

Memorized speaking is the rote recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed to memory. Actors, of course, recite from memory whenever they perform from a script in a stage play, television program, or movie scene. When it comes to speeches, memorization can be useful when the message needs to be exact and the speaker doesn’t want to be confined by notes.

The advantage to memorization is that it enables the speaker to maintain eye contact with the audience throughout the speech. Being free of notes means that you can move freely around the stage and use your hands to make gestures. If your speech uses visual aids, this freedom is even more of an advantage. However, there are some real and potential costs. First, unless you also plan and memorize every vocal cue (the subtle but meaningful variations in speech delivery, which can include the use of pitch, tone, volume, and pace), gesture, and facial expression, your presentation will be flat and uninteresting, and even the most fascinating topic will suffer. You might end up speaking in a monotone or a sing-song repetitive delivery pattern. You might also present your speech in a rapid “machine-gun” style that fails to emphasize the most important points. Second, if you lose your place and start trying to ad lib, the contrast in your style of delivery will alert your audience that something is wrong. More frighteningly, if you go completely blank during the presentation, it will be extremely difficult to find your place and keep going.

Key Takeaways

• There are four main kinds of speech delivery: impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript, and memorized.
• Impromptu speaking involves delivering a message on the spur of the moment, as when someone is asked to “say a few words.”
• Extemporaneous speaking consists of delivering a speech in a conversational fashion using notes. This is the style most speeches call for.
• Manuscript speaking consists of reading a fully scripted speech. It is useful when a message needs to be delivered in precise words.
• Memorized speaking consists of reciting a scripted speech from memory. Memorization allows the speaker to be free of notes.
• Find a short newspaper story. Read it out loud to a classroom partner. Then, using only one notecard, tell the classroom partner in your own words what the story said. Listen to your partner’s observations about the differences in your delivery.
• In a group of four or five students, ask each student to give a one-minute impromptu speech answering the question, “What is the most important personal quality for academic success?”
• Watch the evening news. Observe the differences between news anchors using a TelePrompTer and interviewees who are using no notes of any kind. What differences do you observe?

Stand up, Speak out Copyright © 2016 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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extemporaneous

Definition of extemporaneous

Did you know.

Extemporaneous , which comes from the Latin phrase ex tempore ("on the spur of the moment"), joined the English language sometime in the mid-17th century. The word impromptu , also from a Latin phrase ( in promptu , meaning "in readiness") soon followed. In general usage, extemporaneous and impromptu are used interchangeably to describe off-the-cuff remarks or speeches, but this is not the case when they are used in reference to the learned art of public speaking. Teachers of speech will tell you that an extemporaneous speech is one that has been thoroughly prepared and planned but not memorized, whereas an impromptu speech is one for which absolutely no preparations have been made.

• down and dirty

extemporary

• improvisational
• off-the-cuff
• spur-of-the-moment
• unconsidered
• unpremeditated
• unrehearsed

Examples of extemporaneous in a Sentence

Word history.

Late Latin extemporāneus "done on the spur of the moment" (from Latin ex tempore "on the spur of the moment, extempore " + -āneus, suffix forming adjectives from temporal adverbs) + -ous

Note: Regarding the suffix -āneus see the etymology and note at spontaneous .

1673, in the meaning defined at sense 1a(1)

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“Extemporaneous.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/extemporaneous. Accessed 8 Dec. 2024.

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What Is An Extemporaneous Speech?

If you’ve ever wondered, “What is an extemporaneous speech?” you’re in the right place! In this article, we’ll dive into the exciting world of extemporaneous speaking and discover what makes it a unique and thrilling form of communication. So, buckle up and get ready for an adventure in public speaking that’s going to blow your socks off!

Picture this: you’re standing in front of a crowd, your heart pounding with anticipation. The spotlight is on you, and you have limited time to come up with a persuasive and cohesive speech on a given topic. That’s what an extemporaneous speech is all about! It’s a thrilling challenge that tests your ability to think on your feet and deliver a compelling message without the luxury of extensive preparation.

But don’t fret! Extensive preparation doesn’t mean you’re left hanging in the wind. In fact, extemporaneous speakers use a variety of skills, such as critical thinking, research, and organization, to craft their speeches on the spot. So, if you’re ready to unleash your inner orator and captivate audiences with your spontaneous wit and charm, let’s dive deeper into the world of extemporaneous speaking!

Table of Contents

Understanding Extemporaneous Speech: A Guide to Spontaneous Expression

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on extemporaneous speech! Whether you’re a seasoned public speaker or just starting out, understanding what an extemporaneous speech is and how to deliver one effectively is crucial. In this article, we will explore the definition of an extemporaneous speech, its components, benefits, and provide tips for delivering an impressive extemporaneous speech. So, let’s dive right in!

What is an Extemporaneous Speech?

An extemporaneous speech is a type of public speaking that requires speakers to present a well-researched and organized speech on a given topic without extensive preparation or a fully written script. Unlike a scripted speech, where every word is written beforehand and memorized, an extemporaneous speech allows speakers to use notes or prompts for guidance while delivering their presentation.

Extemporaneous speeches are commonly used in academic settings, such as debates, competitions, and classroom presentations. They test the speaker’s ability to think on their feet, organize their thoughts quickly, and deliver a coherent and persuasive argument or message. Extemporaneous speaking combines elements of impromptu speaking and prepared speeches, striking a balance between spontaneity and structure.

One of the key aspects of an extemporaneous speech is the delivery style. Speakers should aim to maintain a conversational tone, engage the audience, and connect with them authentically. While some level of preparation is allowed, the main goal of an extemporaneous speech is to demonstrate critical thinking skills, adaptability, and effective communication.

The Components of an Extemporaneous Speech

Before diving into the process of delivering an extemporaneous speech, let’s take a closer look at its essential components:

• Preparation: While an extemporaneous speech is not fully scripted, it still requires some level of preparation. Speakers should gather information on the given topic, research relevant data, and formulate key points or arguments. This step ensures that the speech is well-informed and coherent.
• Structure: An extemporaneous speech typically follows a basic structure, including an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should grab the audience’s attention, introduce the topic, and provide a clear thesis statement. The body should consist of main points supported by evidence, while the conclusion should summarize the key ideas and leave a lasting impression.
• Delivery: As mentioned earlier, the delivery of an extemporaneous speech should be conversational and engaging. Speakers should maintain eye contact with the audience, use appropriate gestures and body language, and speak clearly and confidently. It is important to strike a balance between sticking to the main points and allowing flexibility in responding to the audience’s reactions.

Tips for Delivering an Impressive Extemporaneous Speech

Now that we have a basic understanding of what an extemporaneous speech entails, let’s explore some tips for delivering an impressive extemporaneous speech :

• Practice active listening: Engage in active listening to absorb information and gather different perspectives on the given topic. This will enable you to develop a well-rounded and informed speech.
• Understand the audience: Consider the demographics, interests, and knowledge level of the audience. Tailor your speech to resonate with them and address their specific needs or concerns.
• Organize your thoughts: Utilize note-taking techniques, such as mind maps or bullet points, to organize your thoughts and maintain a clear structure during your speech.
• Practice improvisation: Embrace impromptu speaking opportunities to enhance your ability to think on your feet and respond to unexpected questions or challenges.
• Focus on body language: Pay attention to your body language, facial expressions, and vocal tone. Maintain a confident posture, make eye contact with the audience, and use gestures to emphasize your points.
• Engage the audience: Make your speech interactive by asking questions, incorporating storytelling, or inviting the audience to participate. This will create a dynamic and memorable experience.
• Reflect and learn: After delivering your extemporaneous speech, take the time to reflect on your performance. Identify areas for improvement, seek feedback from others, and continue refining your skills.

Benefits of Mastering Extemporaneous Speaking

Moving beyond the basics, let’s explore some of the benefits of mastering extemporaneous speaking :

1. Enhanced Communication Skills

Extemporaneous speaking hones your ability to articulate ideas clearly, engage with an audience, and adapt your message based on their reactions. This translates into improved communication skills that are valuable in various personal and professional scenarios.

2. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving

Delivering an extemporaneous speech requires quick thinking, analyzing information, and developing logical arguments on the spot. By regularly practicing this skill, you’ll strengthen your critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

3. Confidence Building

As you become more adept at delivering impromptu speeches, your self-confidence will grow. The ability to express yourself confidently and coherently in front of an audience can boost your self-esteem and positively impact other areas of your life.

Mastering Extemporaneous Speaking: A Lifelong Journey

Now that you have the knowledge and tips to deliver an impressive extemporaneous speech, it’s time to embark on your journey of mastering this valuable skill. Remember, extemporaneous speaking requires practice, patience, and a willingness to step out of your comfort zone. Embrace each speaking opportunity as a chance to grow and learn, and soon you’ll be captivating audiences with your well-crafted and spontaneous speeches. Happy speaking!

Key Takeaways: What is an Extemporaneous Speech?

• An extemporaneous speech is a speech that is delivered without extensive preparation.
• It allows the speaker to effectively communicate their ideas in a spontaneous and natural manner.
• This type of speech is commonly used in competitions or public speaking events.
• Key skills for delivering an extemporaneous speech include good organization, clear articulation, and the ability to think on your feet.
• Practicing and familiarizing yourself with different topics can help improve your extemporaneous speaking skills.

Frequently Asked Questions

Welcome to our frequently asked questions section where we’ll answer common inquiries about extemporaneous speeches. Whether you’re a student preparing for a school assignment or an aspiring public speaker, we’ve got you covered. Discover the ins and outs of extemporaneous speaking below.

1. How would you define an extemporaneous speech?

An extemporaneous speech is a type of impromptu presentation where the speaker delivers a prepared speech without relying on a script or memorized content. It requires the speaker to think on their feet and express their thoughts and ideas in a clear, concise, and organized manner. Rather than being fully spontaneous, an extemporaneous speech involves some level of preparation, research, and organization. This type of speaking encourages adaptability and quick thinking.

Extemporaneous speeches are often given in educational settings, competitions, or professional environments. They help develop skills such as critical thinking, effective communication, and the ability to convey complex ideas in a limited amount of time.

2. How does an extemporaneous speech differ from other types of speech?

An extemporaneous speech differs from other types of speeches, such as impromptu speeches, scripted speeches, or memorized speeches, in several ways. Unlike an impromptu speech, which is delivered with little to no preparation, an extemporaneous speech involves some level of prior research and organization. It allows speakers to gather information and structure their thoughts before stepping up to deliver their speech.

On the other hand, a scripted speech is one that is completely written out beforehand, while a memorized speech is fully memorized and recited word-for-word. In contrast, an extemporaneous speech requires the speaker to have a general idea of what they want to say but allows for flexibility and adaptation while delivering the speech.

3. What are the benefits of delivering an extemporaneous speech?

Delivering an extemporaneous speech offers several benefits. Firstly, it helps develop critical thinking skills as speakers must quickly analyze information and construct their arguments in a coherent manner. It also enhances public speaking skills by encouraging improvisation, adaptability, and engagement with the audience.

Extemporaneous speaking can also boost self-confidence as speakers learn to trust their knowledge and ability to convey ideas without relying on a script. Additionally, it helps improve research skills and the ability to synthesize information into a persuasive speech. Overall, the benefits of delivering an extemporaneous speech extend beyond the realm of public speaking and can be applied to various areas of personal and professional development.

4. What are some tips for delivering an effective extemporaneous speech?

To deliver an effective extemporaneous speech, it’s essential to focus on a few key tips. Firstly, practice impromptu speaking regularly to develop quick thinking and organization skills. Additionally, familiarize yourself with current events and gather knowledge on various topics to have a broader pool of information to draw from during your speech.

When delivering the speech, maintain eye contact with the audience, use confident body language, and vary your tone and pace to keep the listeners engaged. Structure your speech with a clear introduction, main points, and a concise conclusion. Finally, practice time management to ensure your speech fits within the allotted timeframe.

5. Can anyone become proficient in delivering extemporaneous speeches?

Absolutely! With practice and perseverance, anyone can become proficient in delivering extemporaneous speeches. The key is to start by gradually building your skills. Begin by practicing impromptu speaking in a supportive environment with friends or family members. As you gain confidence, challenge yourself by participating in public speaking events or competitions where you can receive constructive feedback.

Engage in activities that enhance critical thinking, such as reading extensively and staying informed about current events. Seek opportunities to speak in front of others, whether it’s in school, community events, or professional settings. Remember, becoming proficient in extemporaneous speaking is a journey that requires patience and a willingness to learn from both successes and failures.

How to Deliver an Extemporaneous Presentation or Speech

So, now you know what an extemporaneous speech is! It’s a speech you make without a script or memorizing everything. You get a topic and a little time to prepare, and then you speak from what you already know. It’s a great way to practice thinking on your feet and sharing your ideas with others. Just remember to stay calm, be confident, and have fun with it!

In an extemporaneous speech, you need to organize your thoughts, use examples to support your ideas, and speak clearly and confidently. Don’t stress too much about being perfect – the important thing is to connect with your audience and share your knowledge. So next time you have to give an extemporaneous speech, remember the tips and techniques we’ve discussed, and go out there and shine!

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How to Deliver a Perfect Extemporaneous Speech: Tips, Tricks & Topics

• The Speaker Lab
• June 8, 2024

Table of Contents

Extemporaneous speech is essential for anyone who wants to be a public speaking superstar. Instead of reciting every word from memory, you get to speak off-the-cuff and really connect with your audience. Your personality gets to shine, and the best part is, you don’t have to be a natural-born speaker to achieve this.

In this post, we’ll break down the key elements of effective impromptu speaking and share actionable tips to help you hone your skills. From developing a clear structure to using body language to reinforce your points, you’ll learn how to speak with authority and authenticity. Whether you’re a seasoned toastmaster or a new to the speaking scene, these strategies will help you connect with your audience and make a lasting impact. Get ready to take your speaking skills to the next level!

What Is An Extemporaneous Speech?

Extemporaneous speech is a form of speech that involves speaking with limited or no preparation time. Typically, you rely on your knowledge of the topic and your ability to organize your thoughts quickly. When you step on stage, you might have a general idea of what you want to say, but the exact words come to you in the moment.

Advantages of Extemporaneous Speech

Because you aren’t trying to remember lines or find your place in your script, extemporaneous speaking is a great way to engage your audience and show off your public speaking skills. Eye contact, hand gestures , and reacting to the crowd’s energy make your speech feel genuine and captivating.

Extemporaneous speaking can also help you become a better public speaker overall. When you have to think on your feet, you learn how to organize your thoughts quickly and communicate your ideas clearly. This skill can come in handy in all sorts of situations, from job interviews to networking events.

How to Prepare for an Extemporaneous Speech

Just because extemporaneous speeches involve limited preparation time doesn’t mean you should wing it entirely. Instead, there are a few key steps you can take to set yourself up for success.

Researching Your Topic

First and foremost, you need to know your stuff. Even if you only have a few minutes to prepare, taking the time to research your topic can make a big difference. Look for key facts, statistics, and examples that you can use to support your points.

If you’re given a prompt or question to answer, make sure you understand it fully. Don’t be afraid to ask for clarification if needed. The more you know about your topic, the easier it will be to speak about it confidently.

Creating an Outline

You’ve put in the legwork, now it’s time to connect the dots. An outline is the key for keeping your speech tight and on-point. Start with your main points, then sprinkle in supporting facts and relatable examples to really hammer your message home. Although it might seem like extra work, a little structure goes a long way.

Keep in mind that your outline doesn’t need to be super detailed. A few bullet points or key phrases can be enough to jog your memory and keep you on track. The goal is to have a roadmap to follow, not a word-for-word script.

Practicing Your Delivery

Finally, don’t forget to practice. Even if you don’t have time to memorize your speech, running through it a few times can help you feel more confident and prepared. Focus on speaking clearly, making eye contact, and using gestures to emphasize your points.

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Tips for Delivering an Effective Extemporaneous Speech

You’ve done the work of researching, outlining, and rehearsing your extemporaneous speech. Now it’s showtime. Here are some quick tips to make sure you deliver a knockout performance.

Engaging Your Audience

Extemporaneous speaking gives you an incredible opportunity to bond with your listeners. As you speak, try to make eye contact with individuals in the audience. Smile warmly and use natural gestures to underscore your points. Keep your audience interested by varying your tone and pace throughout your speech.

If you notice your audience starting to tune out, don’t be afraid to switch things up. Ask a question, tell a story, or use a visual aid to re-engage them. The more you can involve your audience in your speech, the more impactful it will be.

Using Appropriate Vocabulary

When you’re speaking off the cuff, it can be tempting to use big words or jargon to sound smart. But in reality, using simple, clear language is often more effective. Avoid using words that your audience might not understand and focus on getting your point across in a way that everyone can follow.

In addition, use expressive language to really draw your readers in. The more vivid the description, the easier it’ll be for them to picture what you’re saying—and that means they’ll be hooked on every word.

Maintaining a Conversational Tone

One of the keys to effective extemporaneous speaking is sounding natural and conversational. Avoid reading from your notes or sounding like you’re reciting a memorized script. Instead, try to speak as if you’re having a one-on-one conversation with your audience. Additionally, use contractions, ask rhetorical questions, and don’t be afraid to show your personality. The more authentic and relatable you sound, the more your audience will connect with you and your message.

Handling Nerves

Public speaking can be nerve-wracking, especially when you’re speaking off the cuff. But there are a few things you can do to calm your nerves and project confidence.

Kick off your talk by consciously slowing your breathing. Inhale deeply, hold it for a beat, then let it out gradually. Repeat this a few times to lower your heart rate and soothe your anxiety.

Next, try to reframe your nerves as excitement. Instead of focusing on what could go wrong, think about the opportunity to share your ideas and connect with your audience. With a little practice and preparation, you’ll be able to handle your nerves like a pro.

Common Extemporaneous Speech Topics

Now that you know how to prepare and deliver an extemporaneous speech, let’s talk about some common topics you might encounter.

Political Issues

From healthcare to immigration, political issues are a common topic for extemporaneous speeches. If you’re asked to speak about a political issue, try to focus on the facts and avoid getting too partisan. Use reliable sources to back up your points and be prepared to answer questions from the audience.

Social Concerns

Social issues like poverty, education, and discrimination are another common topic for extemporaneous speeches. When speaking about social concerns, try to focus on solutions rather than just problems. Use examples and statistics to illustrate your points and be prepared to discuss the potential impact of your ideas.

Environmental Matters

From climate change to conservation, environmental issues are a hot topic for extemporaneous speeches. When speaking about the environment, try to focus on the science and avoid getting too political. Use reliable sources to back up your points and be prepared to discuss the potential impact of your ideas on both the environment and society as a whole.

Technological Advancements

From artificial intelligence to space exploration, technological advancements are a fascinating topic for extemporaneous speeches. When speaking about technology, try to focus on the potential benefits and drawbacks for society. In addition, use examples and analogies to help your audience understand complex concepts and be prepared to discuss the ethical implications of new technologies.

Extemporaneous Speaking in Different Contexts

Extemporaneous speaking is a powerful tool in your communication arsenal. It’s not just for those high-pressure moments on stage or at the podium. Rather, this skill can come in clutch whether you’re raising your hand in class or pitching a game-changing idea to your colleagues.

Academic Settings

Picture this: you’re in class, and suddenly, you’re asked to share your thoughts on a topic. Giving your answer is extemporaneous speaking in action. In these situations, it’s essential to focus on the facts and back up your ideas with solid sources. Don’t be afraid to use examples to paint a clearer picture for your classmates and professor.

If people start asking you questions, don’t worry! Questions are a good thing because they show that people are engaged with what you’re saying. So embrace the opportunity to speak off-the-cuff and let your knowledge shine.

Business Presentations

In the business world, extemporaneous speaking is often used for pitches, meetings, and networking events. When speaking in a business context, try to focus on the benefits of your ideas and use data to back up your points. Be prepared to answer questions from your colleagues and clients and use storytelling to make your ideas more memorable.

Special Occasions

From weddings to funerals, extemporaneous speaking is often called for on special occasions. When speaking at a special event, try to focus on the emotions of the moment and use personal anecdotes to connect with your audience. In addition, be prepared to adapt your message to the tone of the event and use humor or sentiment as appropriate.

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Improving Your Extemporaneous Speaking Skills

While extemporaneous speaking may seem daunting at first, there are several ways to improve your skills. Embrace these methods, and you’ll soon find yourself delivering off-the-cuff remarks with ease and authority.

Joining Speech Clubs

One of the best ways to improve your extemporaneous speaking skills is to join a speech club like Toastmasters. These clubs provide a supportive environment where you can practice your skills, get feedback from other speakers, and learn from more experienced members. Plus, they’re a great way to network and build your confidence.

Participating in Speech Contests

Ready to take your speaking skills to the next level? Then try your hand at a speech contest. In these contests, you’ll have the chance to compete against other passionate speakers, get valuable feedback straight from the judges, and really challenge yourself to be the best speaker you can be. Although it can be a high-pressure environment, it can also help you grow your speaking skills significantly.

Seeking Feedback

Finally, don’t be afraid to seek feedback from others. Whether it’s from a mentor, a colleague, or a friend, getting an outside perspective can help you identify areas for improvement and refine your skills. Be open to constructive criticism and use it to grow as a speaker.

Analyzing Successful Speakers

To level up your speaking game, study the greats. Whether you’re watching videos of iconic speeches or sitting in the front row of a live event, pay close attention to what makes each speaker so effective. Maybe it’s their confident body language, their clever use of jokes, or the way they weave in personal stories. Whatever it is, jot it down and experiment with incorporating those elements into your own presentations.

Transforming into a powerful extemporaneous speaker is a process that demands patience and perseverance. So embrace the challenge, learn from your experiences, and watch as your ability to connect with audiences in any context flourishes.

FAQs in Relation to Extemporaneous Speech

What are extemporaneous speeches.

Extemporaneous speeches blend prep with spontaneity. Speakers outline main points, using note cards for reference, not memorization.

What’s the difference between impromptu and extemporaneous speech?

Impromptu speaking is totally on-the-fly, no notes or prep. Extemporaneous involves some planning and key points but still allows room for natural delivery.

What is an example of delivering extemporaneous speech?

An executive sharing a project update at an unexpected meeting, leaning on prepared stats but weaving in real-time feedback from colleagues.

What are the rules for extemporaneous speeches?

In contests, you’re allowed brief preparation time to organize thoughts around provided topics. Use bullet points or outlines onstage—no full scripts allowed.

Extemporaneous speech is a powerful tool that can transform the way you connect with your audience. Preparing thoroughly and practicing regularly are essential, but don’t forget to be yourself. Conviction in your knowledge and heartfelt words will allow your distinctive voice to resonate with others. Keep at it, and before long, you’ll be expressing yourself effortlessly, confidently, and powerfully.

So, are you ready to inspire your audience with your words and presence? By embracing the tips and strategies we’ve covered, you’ll be well on your way to delivering speeches that resonate, inspire, and leave a lasting impact. You’ve got the power to captivate and motivate—now go out there and own it!

• Last Updated: June 4, 2024

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Speech Writing

Extemporaneous Speech

The Art of Extemporaneous Speech: Mastering the Unexpected

Published on: Apr 14, 2022

Last updated on: Oct 28, 2024

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Public speaking can be intimidating, especially when you're asked to deliver a speech on the spot. The fear of stumbling over words or losing track of thoughts can cripple even the most confident individuals.

However, there is a powerful technique that can help you overcome these challenges and deliver compelling speeches with ease. It's called Extemporaneous Speaking.

But don't worry, we have got you covered!

In this blog, we will explore the art of extemporaneous speaking. We will provide you with valuable insights, techniques, and tips to master this skill. 

Whether you're a student, or someone who simply wants to improve their speaking abilities, this guide is here to help.

So, without further ado, let’s get started.

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Extemporaneous Speech Definition

Extemporaneous speech, also known as impromptu speaking, is a form of public speaking. It requires delivering a speech on a given topic without prior preparation. 

Unlike prepared speeches, extemporaneous speaking tests an individual's ability to think on their feet. They have to present coherent arguments or ideas in a spontaneous manner.

Speakers are typically provided with a topic and given a short amount of time to gather their thoughts before delivering the speech.

This style of speaking is often seen in various settings. This includes competitions, debates, or classrooms.

What are the Elements of an Effective Extemporaneous Speech?

An effective extemporaneous speech incorporates several key elements that contribute to its overall impact and success. Let's explore these elements in detail for this particular type of speech :

Clear Introduction

Begin your speech with a concise and attention-grabbing introduction. Clearly state the topic or question at hand and provide a brief overview of what you'll be discussing. Engage the audience from the start to capture their interest.

Well-Structured Content

Organize your speech into a logical structure that flows smoothly. Use a combination of main points and supporting details to build a coherent and persuasive argument. Consider using techniques like the problem-solution approach, cause-effect analysis, or chronological order, depending on the nature of your topic.

Engaging Delivery

Deliver your speech with energy, confidence, and enthusiasm. Maintain eye contact with the audience, use appropriate gestures and body language, and vary your tone of voice. Aim for a conversational style that connects with your audience on a personal level.

Supporting Evidence

Back up your arguments with relevant and credible evidence. Incorporate statistics, facts, examples, and anecdotes to strengthen your points and provide a deeper understanding of the topic. Use sources such as reputable studies, expert opinions, or real-life experiences to lend credibility to your speech.

Effective Conclusion

End your speech with a memorable conclusion that summarizes your main points and reinforces your thesis statement. Leave the audience with a lasting impression or a call to action, encouraging them to reflect on your speech.

Adaptability

Extemporaneous speaking requires the ability to adapt to unexpected situations or changes in the speaking environment. Be flexible and prepared to adjust your speech as necessary. This may involve addressing counter arguments, responding to audience questions, or incorporating new information that arises during your speech.

How To Deliver An Extemporaneous Speech?

Delivering an extemporaneous speech requires a combination of preparation, confidence, and adaptability. Here are some key tips to help you deliver an effective extemporaneous speech:

Familiarize Yourself with the Topic

Take time to understand the topic or question you'll be speaking about. Research and gather relevant information to develop a solid understanding of the subject matter. This knowledge will give you a foundation to draw upon during your speech.

Structure Your Speech

Create a basic structure for your speech with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Clearly define the main points or arguments you want to address. Organize your supporting ideas in a logical sequence, ensuring a smooth flow from one point to another.

Use Prompts and Keywords

Instead of memorizing your entire speech, use prompts and keywords to guide you through each section. Create cue cards or outline key points on a notecard. This will help jog your memory and keep your speech on track without sounding overly rehearsed.

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Speak Naturally

Avoid sounding robotic or overly scripted. Aim for a conversational tone that reflects your personality and allows you to connect with the audience. Be mindful of your pacing and avoid rushing through your speech. Speak clearly and enunciate your words to ensure clarity.

Use Visual Aids (if available)

If visual aids such as slides or props are available, utilize them to enhance your speech. Visual aids can provide additional support to your main points and make your presentation more engaging. However, be careful not to rely too heavily on them and maintain the focus on your spoken words.

Handle Nervousness

Feeling nervous is natural, but try to manage your nerves by taking deep breaths and maintaining a positive mindset. Remind yourself of your preparation and expertise on the topic. Channel your nervous energy into enthusiasm and passion for your subject.

Practice Active Listening

During your speech, pay attention to the audience's reactions and engagement. Stay alert to any cues or questions they may have. Adjust your delivery based on their responses, such as slowing down or elaborating on certain points to ensure comprehension.

Be Flexible and Adaptable

Extemporaneous speaking requires adaptability. Be prepared to adjust your speech if needed, such as addressing unexpected questions or incorporating new information. Stay composed and respond thoughtfully to any challenges that may arise.

Seek Feedback and Learn

After delivering your extemporaneous speech, seek feedback from others, such as colleagues, mentors, or trusted individuals. Assess areas of improvement, such as clarity, structure, or delivery. Use the feedback to enhance your skills for future extemporaneous speaking engagements.

How to Make Extemporaneous Speech?

When it comes to speech writing , the goal is to strike a balance between preparation and spontaneity. A few steps can be followed to write a great extemporaneous speech. 

1. Select a Topic

The very first step is selecting a topic. A wise choice would include a topic that you are familiar with. It will take you less time to brainstorm ideas and plan your speech. Take a few minutes to brainstorm all the information you have on the subject. 

2. Create an Outline

Draft a quick outline for your speech. It should have a few lines for your introduction, something that the audience can relate to or will find funny, or a question that will alert the audience. Here is a sample outline for you to get a better idea.

Extemporaneous Speech Outline

3. Begin with the Body Paragraphs

After the outline, start working on your body paragraphs. Keep in mind that you do not have a lot of time to write and practice your speech. So make sure that the body paragraph should have a few key points only. 

4. Give Examples to Support Your Stance

Continue with your main points by giving some examples. Examples help the audience understand your topic better. It also makes them curious so they might have some questions at the end. 

5. Draft a Brief Conclusion

Write your conclusion, but make it very short. If your conclusion is too long it will be redundant for the audience. 

Extemporaneous Speech Examples

If you are still struggling to understand how to deliver an extemporaneous speech or how to write it time efficiently, check out these examples mentioned below:

Example of Extemporaneous Speech

Extemporaneous Speech About COVID-19

Extemporaneous Speech Sample

Example of Extemporaneous Speech About Education

Extemporaneous Speech Topics

When it comes to extemporaneous speech topics, the possibilities are vast. Here are some engaging and thought-provoking topic ideas to inspire your impromptu speeches:

• Why do I love playing volleyball?
• When will I become a millionaire?
• Why is Playstation better than Xbox?
• The best songwriter is -fill a name-
• Gays don't have equal rights, is it true?
• Political instability in my country is due to?
• Why is facebook's popularity falling down so quickly?
• Why are illegal immigrants not given rights?
• Are internet crime and piracy penalized?
• Stopping the war in Afghanistan is important

These are just some of the many extemp speech topics that you can choose from. Feel free to mold these topics according to your knowledge. 

If you need more interesting topics, check out our blog on the best Impromptu speech topics for public speaking!

Expert Tips For Delivering An Extemporaneous Speech 

Here are some brief tips to help you deliver an extemporaneous speech with confidence and impact:

Know your Audience: Tailor your speech to the specific audience you are addressing to ensure relevance and engagement.

• Practice Impromptu Speaking : Regularly engage in impromptu speaking exercises to sharpen your ability to think on your feet and articulate your thoughts effectively.
• Use Effective Body Language : Use gestures, facial expressions, and body movements to enhance your message and connect with the audience.
• Emphasize Key Points : Highlight important ideas through vocal emphasis, pauses, or repetition to ensure they resonate with your audience.
• Maintain a Steady Pace : Speak at a moderate pace to allow your audience to follow your ideas without feeling rushed or overwhelmed.
• Use Storytelling Techniques : Incorporate anecdotes or stories to make your speech more relatable, memorable, and engaging.
• Be Concise : Keep your ideas succinct and to the point. Avoid unnecessary tangents or rambling, as it can dilute the impact of your speech.
• Practice Active Listening : Pay attention to your audience's reactions and adapt your speech accordingly. Respond to their cues, questions, or feedback to maintain a dynamic and interactive presentation.
• Maintain a Positive Attitude : Approach your extemporaneous speech with a positive mindset. Embrace the challenge, believe in your abilities, and exude confidence in your delivery.

Remember, practice is key to improving your extemporaneous speaking skills.

In conclusion, extemporaneous speaking is a valuable skill that can elevate your public speaking abilities to new heights. 

By mastering the art of impromptu speeches, you can deliver compelling presentations in any situation. 

Embrace opportunities to practice extemporaneous speaking, whether it's in classrooms, competitions, or professional settings. 

The more you engage in impromptu speaking, the more confident and adept you will become. You can try our AI essay writing tools to generate unique speeches and practice!

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Our experienced team of writers can provide expert guidance and support to ensure your assignments make a lasting impression. 

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Frequently Asked Questions

How long is an extemporaneous speech.

The length of an extemporaneous speech can vary depending on the specific context or requirements. In general, extemporaneous speeches are typically shorter than prepared or formal speeches. They often range from 5 to 7 minutes, but can sometimes be as short as 3 minutes or extend up to 10 minutes. 

What is the difference between impromptu and extemporaneous speech?

The main difference between impromptu and extemporaneous speech is in the level of preparation. Impromptu speeches are delivered on the spot without prior planning or preparation. On the other hand, extemporaneous speeches involve some level of preparation, research, and organization before delivering the speech.

What are two qualities that make up an extemporaneous speech?

Two qualities that make up an extemporaneous speech are spontaneity and organization. Spontaneity refers to the ability to think and speak on the spot.

Organization involves structuring the speech with a clear outline, and cohesive content, ensuring that ideas are effectively communicated.

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• 4 modes of speech delivery

4 modes of speech delivery | an overview 

Which speech delivery technique is best.

By:  Susan Dugdale  

There are 4 modes (methods) or ways to deliver a speech: to read it from a manuscript word by word, to completely memorize it, as an impromptu, and to give it extemporaneously.

How do you know which mode will be most effective?

The answer depends on how much time you have available, the type of speech you’re giving and, your audience.

Let’s briefly outline each method and their advantages and disadvantages.

What's on this page

An overview of the 4 modes of speech delivery, the pros (advantages) and cons (disadvantages) of each, plus links to examples and further resources.

• extemporaneous

1. Manuscript

One of the most common ways to deliver a speech is to use a manuscript: a word by word document of everything you plan to say from beginning to end. This ensures, when you read it out loud, what you say is exactly what you intend, without deviation.

What is the best way to write a manuscript speech?

As with any type of speech, the best way to start is not with the words but with considering your topic, your audience, how much time you have to speak and the purpose of your speech.

Once you have those clear, then you are ready to begin planning a speech outline: an overview of all the material you want to cover. 

When the outline is completed you’ll use that to write your manuscript.

Click the link for more about the process of preparing a speech outline , with examples. (The page also has a free printable blank speech outline for you to download and use)

And for more about writing a speech, in particular writing oral language, words to be spoken aloud, please see how to write a speech . You’ll find a useful guide covering the principal characteristics of spoken speech. (It is very different from writing an essay!) 

Who regularly delivers a manuscript speech?

Newsreaders, TV personalities, politicians, business leaders and the President! Anybody whose speech is going to be closely scrutinized will use either a manuscript or its electronic equivalent, a teleprompter. These are speeches where the content is significant, perhaps life changing, where facts and figures must be 100% accurate, and where the tone of the language used is important.

What distinguishes a good delivery of a manuscript speech from a poor one, is practice. Some of the greatest public speakers in the world ‘read’ their speeches with so much skill they sound as if they are making up what they’re saying on the spot. The speech comes across as being completely spontaneous and is delivered flawlessly. 

Great public speakers who 'read' their speeches

A famous example is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Sir Winston Churchill. Throughout World War Two (1939-1945) his extraordinary speeches inspired the people he led to persevere in their fight to keep the Nazis out of England in spite of the odds being stacked against them.

To find out more read Winston Churchill's Way With Words - an excellent NPR article, with audio, on how he crafted his speeches. 

And another more recent example is America’s ex-President Barack Obama. 

American Rhetoric has audio and text (pdf) links to his speeches spanning 2002 - 2014. Four are included in a list of 49 of the most important speeches in 21st century America . These are:

• 2004 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address
• Commencement Address at Knox College (2005)
• A More Perfect Union (2008)
• Speech at the 'Together We Thrive: Tucson and America' Memorial (2011)

How to deliver a manuscript speech

Print your speech out single sided. Make sure each page is numbered clearly. Use an easily read font like Arial, black ink, and size the font and space the lines so that the text may be read at a glance.

Use a lectern  adjusted for your height  to put your manuscript on. As you finish reading each page turn it over face down and move it to your left. That will help stop you from getting muddled.

Aim for at least one read through aloud before you deliver it.

The more you can practice the better your delivery will be. 

How to read aloud well

Reading aloud well is a skill. Some people are very good at it, and some are ghastly, largely because they’ve had no practice. (And sadly, many who regularly read their speech scripts don’t realize how bad they are to listen to because nobody has told them. Their presentations have been endured, rather than enjoyed for years!)

If you have to regularly read your speeches here’s how to read a speech effectively: 4 good ways to improve how you read aloud . It will help a great deal!

The pros (advantages) for a manuscript speech

The major advantage of using a script is that it ensures the speaker will deliver the right message, the one that’s been prepared, without errors. This is particularly important when presenting complex subject matter.  

Another is that when there's not enough time to rehearse or prepare thoroughly, reading may be the only real option available. Without the safety of a script you may forget large chunks of information, or misremember important material. The script keeps you on track.

A third reason could be that the mere presence of the script is reassuring for nervous or anxious speakers. Even if they do not actually need it, because they’ve prepared well, the script is calming. If they suddenly blank out, they’ll be alright, as they have the script to refer to.

And a fourth is that you can easily back track, return to a point you made several pages earlier, if you need to.

The cons (disadvantages) of manuscript speeches

The main disadvantages of using a manuscript are:

• being anchored to one place . If you are using a full script you need to remain in front of the lectern, or teleprompter in order to read it. You can not move freely as you deliver your speech.
• lack of eye contact with your audience because you need to keep your eyes on your words. When there is very little or no eye contact between a speaker and their audience, the audience switches off because they feel ignored, shut out.  The ability to look at the audience while using notes or a teleprompter helps your audience to listen better, retain more of what they hear, and feel as if they’ve gained more value from your speech. Click the link for more about the importance of using eye contact [including 5 fun activities to teach students how to use eye contact well]
• Using language that doesn’t flow easily when you say it aloud . There are major differences between writing intended for oral language - something to be spoken aloud, and writing something that is intended to be read, like a newspaper article or an essay. For more please see how to write a speech . You’ll find an infographic on the characteristics of spoken language.   Whenever possible, always read your manuscript aloud before you deliver it. It’s much nicer to find typos, missing words, vital information omissions and other glitches (such as words you are not sure how to pronounce correctly), by yourself rather than in public. Another useful thing to do is to run your manuscript through a grammar checker . It may pick up errors you've overlooked.

2. Memorized speech

A memorized speech is one delivered completely from memory. That means: no notes at all. There is just you: the speaker, the speech you recall, word for word, and your audience.

Why choose to memorize a speech?

There are three likely reasons. 

• You want the illusion of a ‘natural’ conversation between yourself and your audience. The presence of a lectern with your manuscript on it, a teleprompter, or a set of cue cards in your hand makes that impossible.
• You want to be able to ‘play’ freely with your delivery: to be able to move, to gesture, as you see fit rather than be tethered to notes.
• You want to make completely sure the words you have written are faithfully delivered to the audience, without any changes at all. That can be vital in comedy.

What type of speech is enhanced through memorization?

A personal speech, for example one sharing childhood stories, a very carefully scripted humorous speech where you absolutely must get the words in the right order for them to work, or an inspirational one prepared especially to move and motivate a particular audience. All of these can be more effective delivered without notes.

There are also declamation speeches . These are in a special category of their own. They are memorized recitations of known speeches: a task set by teachers to have their pupil's fully experience the power of carefully crafted, well delivered oratorical language.    

What type of speeches are NOT suited to memorization?

• Any presentation or speech covering critical information that people will use to make important, and often life-altering, decisions. For instance, a detailed weather report cannot be inaccurate. The information outlining the state government’s strategy for combating poverty, declining employment rates, and climate change needs to be presented in a way the audience can easily follow and be factually correct. Missing bits out or getting them wrong creates confusion.
• Presentations which include large amounts of data : for example, a roundup of a company’s annual performance figures would be very difficult to accurately memorize, as well as being very difficult for an audience to listen to and retain.   
• Lengthy presentations - speeches running over 10 or more minutes in time.     

How to memorize a speech

If you decide to memorize your entire speech, the very first thing you’ll need is lots of time to practice. This is critical. Do not be tempted to minimize how much is required.

To safely commit it to memory you have to go over and over your speech until you can easily say it out loud without hesitation, deviation or repetition. This can take weeks of regular daily practice, particularly if you’ve not done it before. If you haven’t got that time available to you, opt for an extemporized delivery. (See the notes on extemporaneous speeches below.)

Review your speech outline

Having made the decision to memorize, the next thing you need to do is carefully review your speech outline. 

These are questions you’ll want to consider: 

• Are the major points in the right order? Do you have supporting examples for each of them? Are the transitions between each of the points clear? Is there a memorable conclusion? Does the opening or introduction work as a hook to pull the audience in?
• Does the speech have a clear purpose? Does it meet it? Has it been tailored for its intended audience? 

(Click the link for more about preparing a useful speech outline . You’ll find step by step guidelines, examples, and a free printable blank outline template to use.) 

Repeat your speech out loud, a lot!

Once you are satisfied with your outline, it’s time to begin the process of committing it to memory.

This starts with saying your speech out loud multiple times while using your outline. As you do you’ll be listening for bits you need to change in some way. Perhaps the words you’re using aren’t quite right for your audience. Maybe it doesn’t flow as well as you thought it did and you’ll want to swap pieces around. Or it’s too long and needs pruning. 

It’s a repetitive process: make a change. Try it out. If it’s good, keep it and move on to the next section. Repeat until you’ve worked through the entire speech.

An additional tip is for every significant change you make, make a new document, (eg. myspeech v1, myspeech v2, myspeech v3…) or at least track the changes. That way if you decide you want to revert to an earlier version you can. I’ve got at least 10 versions of some of the speeches I’ve written!

The next step is to begin working without the outline. 

The 'see, walk, and talk' method

The method I use is the same one I use as an actor to learn play lines. 

I call it ‘see, walk and talk’. It's a 3 part approach. Each is essential. 

The seeing part is visualization: seeing the words on the page. Seeing the order they come in, and anything else that distinguishes them from the rest. Is it a heading? Is it a number? Is it highlighted? 

The second part is walking. Walking helps a great deal and is an ancient  technique for  memorizing   now backed by science. *

If it’s fine, I walk outside and as I walk, I talk (the third part), repeating out loud  the section I'm trying to recall over and over until I get it right.

If the weather is bad, then I walk inside, around and around a room, or on a treadmill which works just as well.

*   Schmidt-Kassow M, Zink N, Mock J, et al. Treadmill walking during vocabulary encoding improves verbal long-term memory. Behav Brain Funct. 2014;10:24. Published 2014 Jul 12. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-10-24 ) 

'See, walk, talk' in action

Start with the body of your speech, the main points. Your goal is to remember each one, in their correct order.

There are three steps in this process.

• Look at your outline. If it helps highlight the main points, and number them. Take a mental photograph of it.
• Put the outline behind your back. Walk and say out loud as many of the main points you can in their correct order.
• When you find yourself struggling to recall, stop. Look at your outline. Take another mental photo. Put the outline behind your back, and start over again. Walk and talk. 

Repeat until you can run through the entire sequence of main points, and the transitions between them, without hesitation.

Add the subpoints to the main points

The next step is to add the fine points - the subpoints (additional material) and examples to your main points.

Go back to the first main point. Take a mental snapshot of the subpoints and examples. Note carefully the order they come in, and any specialist vocabulary or phrase you wanted to use.

Now walk and talk. Repeat the sequence until you have it as you want it. Then go back to the beginning and repeat the first main point, its supporting material and then the subsequent main points.

Your next part to memorize is the second main point's supporting material. Once you have that down, you go back to the beginning to run the first main point, its sub points, then the second point and its sub points.  Then you are ready to do the third main point in exactly the same way.

Add the conclusion and the beginning

Once you have completed memorizing the body of your speech, add the conclusion and the beginning.   

The pattern is simple. You add a piece, then go back and repeat it all through from the beginning. Each repetition etches it more deeply into your memory.

Please note : you are not working on delivery as you say it out loud. This is purely routine repetition. There is no need for pausing, emphasis, or changes in volume and pace. Think of it as a vanilla performance - plain.  At this stage the bulk of your energy needs to go into remembering, not expression. 

Sort out and memorize the delivery

Delivery is how you say your speech, not what you say.

Once you have the content (what you are saying) reliably remembered, you are free to work on your vocal delivery: how you are going to say it.

Which parts need to be said more slowly? Which parts need to be highlighted through strategic pausing? What can be spoken quickly? Are there bits that need to be treated as asides? Are there ‘voices’ to take on? Perhaps an angry voice? Or a wheedling, whining voice?

How you say your speech directly affects how your audience receives it. If you deliver it like a monotone robot - one speed, one tone, one pitch, one volume, people’s ears will switch off even if the content is interesting to them. Delivery can make all the difference between listening and not listening.

To be effective, your delivery needs to fit both the content and the audience’s needs.

As with memorizing the content, getting the delivery how you want it requires experimentation and then repetition to ensure you’ve got it safely embedded.

Working with a recorder is useful to actually hear what your voice is doing, rather what you think it’s doing. There’s often a very big difference. You’ll hear if you’re going too quickly, pausing too long, not pausing long enough, mispronouncing words, gabbling, or using the same inflection pattern over and over again.

Find out more about the vocal aspects of speech delivery . 

Use a mirror, a video and a test audience

It’s also useful to either work in front of a mirror or video yourself. That will show you where you need to modify your body language. Do you stand straight? Do you gesture appropriately? 

Rinse, and repeat until you feel happy with what you’re doing. And then practice in front of a select test audience, whom you know will give you honest useful feedback. Incorporate what you want from the suggestions you’re given and practice again. And now you should be ready to deliver your speech!

Pros of memorizing your speech

A memorized speech is generally more engaging. If delivered well it creates the illusion of having a conversation with your audience because you are speaking directly to them and you are able to make eye contact freely, as well as move how, and where you want. This creates a more intimate and personal connection.

Cons of memorizing your speech

There are three major disadvantages to memorizing a speech. The biggest is the risk of forgetting something, especially with a longer speech. This can lead to panic which leads to scrabbling around trying to pick up the threads to start again. That can rapidly become a downward spiral which compromises the whole presentation.

Secondly, using a memorized speech can constrain or limit the ideas you express because everything is prepared in advance. It leaves little room for spontaneity: content adjustments and additions made in response to a particular audience’s needs.

And thirdly, a memorized speech can be incredibly boring if the speaker has not worked on delivery. It has a canned quality, lacking immediacy and vitality. It sounds like a switch got flicked on and out it comes: blah, blah, blah … irrespective of the audience.

3. Impromptu

An impromptu speech is, as its name suggests, a speech made without prior planning, organization or rehearsal.

Although it may be based on a brief outline or written prompt, the speaker will often have little or no opportunity for detailed or extensive preparation.

While making an impromptu speech involves little immediate preparation it require significant amounts of prior practice to give one well.

An effective impromptu speech is structured, (beginning, middle, end), and meets the needs of those listening to it. To give a good one requires versatility and flexibility: the ability to adapt and respond easily and appropriately to the unexpected.

The speaker needs to understand how to quickly choose the best format, how to decide on the main points to cover, how to order them, and how to open and close the speech.

And lastly, impromptu speaking requires confidence, and trust in oneself.  

When should an impromptu speech be delivered?

There are many social or work settings where making an impromptu speech is expected, and if done well, very much appreciated.

At a family get together the person who is asked to say a few words to welcome everyone, or make the toast is giving an impromptu speech. At a meeting to discuss current work issues, a sales manager may be asked to outline areas of challenge without prior warning. The response they give is an impromptu speech.

The ability to summon up succinct, structured remarks is highly valued in all areas of life. 

How do you prepare for an impromptu speech?

The essential preparation for impromptu speaking begins out of the spotlight, long before being asked to speak.

For comprehensive step by step guidelines covering how to gain the necessary skills please see:  strategies and templates to succeed at impromptu speaking .

You’ll find tips to get you started, 7 different structural templates to use, suggestions for keeping any nervousness under control, and links to 100s of impromptu speaking topics to use for practice.

Pros of impromptu speeches

The advantages definitely outweigh any disadvantages. 

Although some people have a natural gift for being able to talk freely and spontaneously, it can be learned. It’s a skill, like riding a bike. (But better!) When you’re beginning you fall off a few times, and graze your knees. If you get back on and keep pedaling eventually you stay upright.

Get better at impromptu speaking and you’ll find it will open many doors, leading to a richer and fuller life.  

Don’t settle for silence when you can learn to speak up for yourself, and others.

If you're reluctant to attempt it and put yourself out there, please read this article:  Speaking in business may be your most important skill .

The cons of impromptu speaking

In some contexts and on some subjects it would be unwise to attempt delivering an impromptu speech.

For instance, when asked for an evaluation of business risks associated with Covid-19, or to comment on possible correlations between socio-economic status and educational achievement in the USA, speaking without consulting a broad cross-section of informed specialists would be ill-advised. 

Each situation needs careful consideration. Are you able to talk knowledgeably on the topic you’ve been given? Are you entitled to talk about it?

If you can not speak on the subject being asked of you, say so politely. You can offer to come back with a full response at a later date. Or you can hand the question on to someone who can answer it. Knowing your limits is very useful for maintaining credibility!

Another possible downside is succumbing to fear. It could be fear of finding yourself with nothing to say, of drying up under pressure, or of muddling material in some way. The only really useful antidote to nervousness/fear is practice. Lots, and lots of it. It does get better! 

4. Extemporaneous speaking

An extemporaneous speech is one where the speaker combines the use of notes or cue cards with improvisation. It’s a mix of carefully scripted and sequenced material and impromptu speaking.  

How do you deliver an extemporaneous speech?

An extemporaneous delivery is naturally flowing and conversational. The points to be made will have been carefully outlined. They will be in the correct order, along with their supporting ideas and examples but the exact wording is made up as you go along.

If you give the same speech to different audiences, the words you use may change because every audience responds differently. The result is a speech that is fresh each time it is delivered, because while you are speaking, you are in the moment, speaking off-the-cuff and from the heart. The text is neither memorized, or being read word for word.

Like the first three modes of delivery, this too needs practice, in order to become good at it. 

You’ll need to practice:

• speaking to time to avoid either going on too long or being too brief
• making effective transitions - finding the bridging words to link one main point to the next, or to link one segment of your speech to the following one. For instance the introduction to the body of the speech,  or the body of the speech to the conclusion.
• openings and conclusions.

For more information here's a very useful 'how to' article from The Dept. of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh on oral discourse and extemporaneous delivery .  

The advantages of extemporaneous speeches

An extemporaneous speech is more spontaneous and therefore natural compared to either a manuscript or memorized speech.  The speaker is free to tailor the presentation to the audience, rather than sticking to a set speech. That could include responding to any questions or objections he receives. 

Disadvantages of extemporaneous speeches

There are three main drawbacks to extemporaneous speaking.

The first is becoming stranded; tongue tied and silent because you don't know how to get from one point on your outline or cue cards to the next.  When that happens, the delivery becomes stilted, a stop-start presentation, which in turn can make the speaker feel anxious, which makes recovering the flow more difficult.

A second drawback is misreading the audience, and delivering the speech using either language, (word choices), or humor they find hard to understand or accept.

As an example, a speech littered with ‘corporate speak’ is not going to win me over. I don’t want to hear about ‘core competencies’, ‘going forwards’ , ‘ducks in a row’ or anything ‘scalable’ at all!

And a third is exceeding the time allowance you’d been given. Because you are fleshing it out from your cue cards or outline as you go along it is easy to lose track of time. The cumulative effect of an additional example or two and further comments, quickly soaks it up, leaving you scrambling to finish properly.  

If you are a first time presenter, probably the safer option is to learn how to read a manuscript speech well and gradually build the skills required to give an extemporaneous speech.

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extemporaneous

[ ik-stem-p uh - rey -nee- uh s ]

an extemporaneous speech.

extemporaneous lectures.

extemporaneous actors.

• made for the occasion, as a shelter.

/ ɪkˌstɛmpəˈreɪnɪəs; ɪkˈstɛmpərərɪ; -prərɪ /

• spoken, performed, etc, without planning or preparation; impromptu; extempore
• done in a temporary manner; improvised

Derived Forms

• exˌtempoˈraneousness , noun
• exˌtempoˈraneously , adverb

Other Words From

• ex·tem·po·ra·ne·ous·ly adverb
• ex·tem·po·ra·ne·ous·ness ex·tem·po·ra·ne·i·ty [ ik-stem-p, uh, -r, uh, -, nee, -i-tee ] , noun

Word History and Origins

Origin of extemporaneous 1

Synonym Study

Example sentences.

Hochul, a Democrat, made the extemporaneous comment Monday while being interviewed at a large business conference in California to discuss expanding economic opportunities in artificial intelligence for low-income communities.

Like most of his comedy, the opening riff was extemporaneous.

“We love y’all. We want you to get it right,” he said, in brash and seemingly extemporaneous remarks.

Although he set the text aside, his deviation was not extemporaneous in the truest since of the word.

It is true that she often burdens her sentences with more dependent clauses than they can bear, and verbatim transcripts of her extemporaneous remarks can sometimes be hard to follow.